| The World Factbook | ||
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Monaco |
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| Introduction | Monaco |
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Background:
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The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
| Geography | Monaco |
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Location:
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Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 44 N, 7 24 E |
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Map references:
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Europe |
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Area:
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total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
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Coastline:
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4.1 km |
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
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Terrain:
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hilly, rugged, rocky |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
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Natural resources:
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none |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA |
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
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Geography - note:
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second-smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban |
| People | Monaco |
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Population:
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32,796 (July 2008 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 14.8% (male 2,488/female 2,369)
15-64 years: 62.4% (male 10,110/female 10,353) 65 years and over: 22.8% (male 3,048/female 4,428) (2008 est.) |
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Median age:
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total: 45.5 years
male: 43.5 years female: 47.5 years (2008 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.375% (2008 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.09 births/1,000 population (2008 est.) |
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Death rate:
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12.96 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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7.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2008 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 5.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 79.96 years
male: 76.14 years female: 83.97 years (2008 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.75 children born/woman (2008 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
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Ethnic groups:
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French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% |
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Languages:
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French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.) |
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Education expenditures:
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4.4% of GDP (2004) |
| Government | Monaco |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy |
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Capital:
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name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
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Administrative divisions:
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none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
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Independence:
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1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
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National holiday:
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National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857) |
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Constitution:
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17 December 1962 |
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Legal system:
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based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST (since 1 June 2005) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24 seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 February 2008 (next to be held February 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - UPM 52.2%, REM 40.5%, Monaco Together 7.3%; seats by party - UPM 21, REM 3 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM); Rally and Issues for Monaco or REM; Monaco Together |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador to the US and UN Gilles NOGHES
chancery: 2314 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 234-1530 FAX: (202) 552-5778 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US ambassador to France, handles routine diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco |
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Flag description:
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two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red |
| Economy | Monaco |
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Economy - overview:
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Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$976.3 million
note: Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough (2006 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$NA |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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0.9% (2000 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$30,000 (2006 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0%
industry: 4.9% services: 95.1% (2005) |
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Labor force:
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44,000
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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0% (2005) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Budget:
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revenues: $863 million
expenditures: $920.6 million (2005 est.) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1.9% (2000) |
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Agriculture - products:
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none |
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Industries:
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tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA kWh |
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Electricity - imports:
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NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France |
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Exports:
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$716.3 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005) |
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Imports:
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$916.1 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France (2005) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Debt - external:
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$18 billion (2000 est.) |
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Market value of publicly traded shares:
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$NA |
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Currency (code):
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euro (EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) |
| Communications | Monaco |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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34,000 (2005) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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17,200 (2005) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
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Radios:
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34,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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5 (1998) |
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Televisions:
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25,000 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.mc |
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Internet hosts:
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21,058 (2008) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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20,000 (2006) |
| Transportation | Monaco |
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Heliports:
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1 (2007) |
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Roadways:
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total: 50 km
paved: 50 km (2007) |
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Merchant marine:
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registered in other countries: 70 (Bahamas 15, Georgia 4, Isle of Man 3, Liberia 8, Marshall Islands 13, Norway 5, Panama 16, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Vanuatu 1) (2008) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Monaco |
| Military | Monaco |
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Military branches:
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no regular military forces; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 16-49: 6,687 (2008 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males age 16-49: 5,376 (2008 est.) |
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Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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male: 191
female: 182 (2008 est.) |
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Military - note:
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defense is the responsibility of France |
| Transnational Issues | Monaco |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008 |